Curator Jon Ablett gives an insight into the crucial and never-ending work of taxonomists. He sought the advice of his friends, who determined that the ideas of both men would be presented at a meeting of the Linnean Society. To emulate his scientific heroes, in 1848, aged 25, Wallace embarked on a voyage to Brazil with the naturalist Henry Bates. When he was in Malay Archipelago, he collected at least 126,000 specimens. They financed the trip by collecting specimens and selling them. One day in 1858, while feverish and confined to his hut on the island of Ternate (now in Indonesia), Wallace had a realisation. Even before he embarked on his first voyage to Brazil, Wallace was interested in evolution, writing: I should like to take some one family [of beetles] to study thoroughly, principally with a view to the theory of the origin of species. But the joint article of Darwin and Wallace did not cause much of an immediate sensation. Wallace’s journey to the Amazon began in Leicester in 1844 when he met budding young amateur naturalist Henry Walter Bates (1825-1892), after Wallace accepted a job at the Collegiate School there. His role in the matter, and Darwin's support, ensured his entry to the highest ranks of the scientific establishment. Even his terms now stand as heads of my chapters!'. Darwin had been working on the very same theory for 20 years, but was yet to publish. Wallace had no formal training as a biologist and did not go to university. He also observed a big change in the animal life between two islands – Bali and Lombok – which are separated by a short stretch of water. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) was one of the nineteenth century’s leading naturalists and explorers. Evolution and natural selection (some say before Darwin) Where did he travel to collect specimens? He amassed thousands of animal specimens, mostly birds, beetles and butterflies. As part of a continuing correspondence he was having with Charles Darwin, Wallace wrote a private letter to Darwin in June 1858 with an essay containing his theory of evolution. He believed that natural selection could not explain the human intellect, and that the human spirit persisted after death. This is the land where Alfred Russel Wallace spent 8 years exploring from 1854 to 1862, and where he made some of the most important scientific discoveries of all time. Alfred Russel Wallace was a key contributor to the theory of evolution and the theory of natural selection. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Two of Wallace's drawings of Amazonian fish, which he managed to rescue when his ship caught fire. Charles Darwin was impressed with how much Wallace's theory of natural selection matched his own: 'He could not have made a better short abstract! 1913. what nationality was Russel Wallace? Facts about Alfred Russel Wallace 10: The Malay Archipelago. Pipra manakins collected by Wallace in the Amazon. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The Discovery Institute has had a strange relationship with Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 – 1913) for years. The ship caught fire in the Atlantic and sank, along with virtually all his specimens and field notes. From that time on, Darwin overshadowed Wallace and it has usually been his name alone associated with the theory of evolution by natural selection. Wallace noticed a striking pattern in the distribution of animals around the archipelago. Wallace collected more than 100,000 insect, bird and animal specimens, which he gave to British museums. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was … Alfred Russel Wallace One hundred years ago, in November 1913, the famous explorer and naturalist, Alfred Wallace, died at the grand age of ninety. Over a period of eight years, he accumulated an astonishing 125,660 specimens, including more than 5,000 species new to western science. Alfred Russel Wallace OM FRS (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. Wallace noticed a striking pattern in the distribution of animals around the archipelago. When was Alfred Russel Wallace born? Wallace attended a grammar school: these schools did not charge fees and were attended by children who passed an academic selection test. This prompted Darwin to publish On the Origin of Species. In Brazil he realized that geographical barriers often mark species boundaries. This is now called the Wallace Line and marks a zone where Asian wildlife meets Australian wildlife. The Wallace Line marks the zone where species from the Asian and Australian continents come together. We use them to help improve our content, personalise it for you and tailor our digital advertising on third-party platforms. Get email updates about our news, science, exhibitions, events, products, services and fundraising activities. In the East Indies he suffered a tropical fever which caused him to have hallucinations. Wallace, to the discomfort of many contemporaries, was a spiritualist. A tireless thinker, he wrote widely on this and other diverse topics including land ownership, workers' rights, law, economics and museums. He published more than 500 scientific papers. This is the largest archipelago in the world, with 25,000 islands. Wallace was born in 1823 in Usk (now in Monmouthshire). Portrait of Alfred Russel Wallace (around 1863). Alfred Russel Wallace, OM, FRS was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. He was also one of the first biologists to express concern about the effects humans were having on the natural world. © The Trustees of The Natural History Museum, London. Serious family financial problems forced him to leave Four years later the pair headed for the Amazon, having been inspired by stories of discovery in the New World and Oceania. Vaguely thinking over the enormous and constant destruction which this implied, it occurred to me to ask the question, why do some die and some live? On returning home, Wallace published a travel book, The Malay Archipelago. Alfred Russel Wallace is far from a household name, but he changed the world. He co-discovered with Charles Darwin the theory of evolution by natural selection, and he is one of the founders of the modern field of biogeography. Furthermore, Wallace and Darwin became friends. Brazil But few people know this. Please use the following MLA compliant citation: This is a great article. Unfortunately, the ship he was sailing on caught fire in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Alfred Russel Wallace was a British scientist, anthropologist, biologist and explorer, best known for discovering the concept of evolution by natural selection. Facts about Alfred Russel Wallace 9: Malay Archipelago. 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His vivid account of the beautiful, undisturbed islands opened up a whole new world to readers. Credit: National Portrait Gallery. T his year is the centenary of the death of Victorian naturalist and co-discoverer of evolution by natural selection, Alfred Russel Wallace. What did Russel Wallace discover? One of the papers said only a great ruler would have had the sort of level of obituary recognition as Wallace.”. Alfred Russel Wallace was one of the 19th Century’s greatest field biologists, yet his scientific legacy is much farther reaching than it would first appear to the casual observer. Author of this page: The Doc Dr Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 – 1913) was a British naturalist, anthropologist and biogeographer. However, at the time of his death he was extremely well-known, and his contributions to the developing theory of evolution by natural selection have been widely acknowledged over the past decade . 6. Wallace's independent proposal of a theory of evolution by natural selection prompted Charles Darwin to reveal his own more developed and researched, but unpublished, theory sooner than he had intended. His family were middle class, but they were not well off. Within a year he left England again and set sail for the Far East. The unfortunate end to his Brazilian expedition did not diminish Wallace’s thirst for travel. Alfred Russel Wallace was born in Kensington Cottage near Usk, Monmouthshire, England (now part of Wales) on the 8th of January 1823 to Thomas Vere Wallace and Mary Ann Wallace (née Greenell), a downwardly mobile middle-class English couple who had moved there from London a few years earlier in order to reduce their living costs. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) was a man of many talents - an explorer, collector, naturalist, geographer, anthropologist and political commentator. The Wallace line, which lies to the east of Borneo, marks the boundary between the animal life of the Australian region (in yellow) and that of Asia (in pink). Fortunately the crew and passengers were rescued by a passing ship. Charles Darwin did not discover or invent evolution, but rather his contribution to the theory of evolution was how it worked. Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace was one of the world’s greatest biologists. All the specimens he had brought on the ship were lost, along with most of what he had written and drawn. Alfred Russel Wallace would have been 90 years old at the time of death or 192 years old today. 2. Privacy notice. Alfred Russel Wallace discovered the concept of evolution by natural selection. He has discovered numerous species and is the co-founder of evolutionary theory, along with Darwin.
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