… Indeed, Anti-Oedipus today appears as an anti-dramatic text, to be read as a comedy deriding capitalism and glorifying a schizophrenia invented and amplified through the joint writing of a philosopher and a psychoanalyst engaged in critical reflection designed to challenge the bourgeois ideology of their era. This approach articulated a new mode of Furthermore, the book is divided into four major parts (namely, This explains the contradictory phenomenon in which people "act manifestly counter to their class interests—when they rally to the interests and ideals of a class that their own objective situation should lead them to combat". … Summary Like the first volume of Deleuze and Guattari 's Capitalism and Schizophrenia , Anti-Oedipus (1972), A Thousand Plateaus is politically and terminologically provocative and is intended as a work … from the cure itself. [36] Psychological repression is distinguished from social oppression insofar as it works unconsciously. Keeping in view the contemporary context ... Summary of The sublime object of ideology By Abida younas Žižek starts his book by arguing that there is an essential homology between... Introduction: Translator introduces the reader with the key thinkers as influence for Baudrillard to write the book. simply desiring-production itself under determinate conditions. machines altogether. It they do not intend to romanticize "mental disorders"; instead, they show, like Foucault, that "psychiatric disorders" are always second to something else). be anti-oedipal is to be anti-ego as well as anti-homo, willfully attacking all common people by those in power—the desire to be led by others. From one perspective I admire it’s bring down of Freud and its elucidation of how individuals … Concise but detailed enough to understand the flow of the argument. by Mark Seem. Unconscious libidinal investments of group or desire are distinct from preconscious investments of class or interest. The police on our side!—never did psychoanalysis better display its taste for supporting the movement of social repression, and for participating in it with enthusiasm. Deleuze and Guattari, desire does not lack anything; rather desire is a machine They write about psychology, economics, society, the creative arts, literature, civilization, psychiatry, anthropology and history in engagement with this idea. [31][32] Such psychological repression forms docile individuals that are easy targets for social repression. Lastly, there He wrote that Anti-Oedipus follows a similar theoretical direction to Lyotard's Libidinal Economy, though he sees several significant differences between Deleuze and Guattari on the one hand and Lyotard on the other. When workers are incentivized by the ‘freedom’ of … …2 of Capitalism and Schizophrenia, A Thousand Plateaus (1980), is characterized by a self-consciously disjointed, paratactic style of philosophical inquiry, reflecting the authors’ conviction that the “linear” organization of traditional philosophy represents an incipient form of social control. parts, it could be explained this way. Contrary And ideology, Oedipus, and the phallus have nothing to do with this, because they depend on it rather than being its impetus. reaching toward the acquisition of something. ... Capitalism & Schizophrenia, the TV Show. Psychological repression is strongly linked with social oppression, which levers on it. Flieger, Jerry Aline. [34] Deleuze and Guattari's critique of these mechanisms seeks to promote a revolutionary liberation of desire: If desire is repressed, it is because every position of desire, no matter how small, is capable of calling into question the established order of a society: not that desire is asocial, on the contrary. 2008. Deleuze and Guattari's "schizoanalysis" is a social and political analysis that responds to what they see as the reactionary tendencies of psychoanalysis. separate (but linked to the previous) issue. Every unconscious libidinal investment is social and bears upon a socio-historical field. The book has a preface written by Michael Foucault and an introduction Wilhelm Reich discussed the phenomenon in his 1933 book The Mass Psychology of Fascism:[29][30], The astonishing thing is not that some people steal or that others occasionally go out on strike, but rather that all those who are starving do not steal as a regular practice, and all those who are exploited are not continually out on strike: after centuries of exploitation, why do people still tolerate being humiliated and enslaved, to such a point, indeed, that they actually want humiliation and slavery not only for others but for themselves?". However, he added that most commentators would now agree that "schizoanalysis" is fatally flawed, and that there are several major objections that can be made against Anti-Oedipus. Anti-Oedipus became a sensation upon publication and a widely celebrated work that shifted contemporary philosophy. Deleuze and Guattari develop a critique of Freud and Lacan's psychoanalysis, anti-psychiatry, and Freudo-Marxism (with its insistence on a necessary mediation between the two realms of desire and the social). machines, the despotic machine, the urstaat, and the civilized capitalist machine. Foucault, right in the preface to the book, pinpoints certain important They argue that this case demonstrates that psychoanalysis enthusiastically embraces a police state:[23]. The repress and control desire, to ‘territorialize’ it within demarcated areas and 33 Full PDFs related to this paper. Deleuze and Guattari develop four theses of schizoanalysis: "[12], Like their contemporary, R. D. Laing, and like Reich before them, Deleuze and Guattari make a connection between psychological repression and social oppression. [47] The philosopher Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen and the psychologist Sonu Shamdasani wrote that rather than having their confidence shaken by the "provocations and magnificent rhetorical violence" of Anti-Oedipus, the psychoanalytic profession felt that the debates raised by the book legitimated their discipline. Deleuze and Guattari develop this relation further in the chapter "November 28, 1947: How Do You Make Yourself a Body Without Organs?" Human organs are just like machines which constantly give output Deleuze and Guattari develop their concept of the "body without organs" (often rendered as BwO) from Antonin Artaud's text "To Have Done With the Judgment of God". Alliez, Éric. Seem, Mark. In this context, every process around us is equivalent to It tells a ta... Anti-oedipus; [16] On the basis of three "passive syntheses" (partly modelled on Kant's syntheses of apperception from his Critique of Pure Reason), desire engineers "partial objects, flows, and bodies" in the service of the autopoiesis of the unconscious. U of Minnesota Press, 1987 - Philosophy - 610 pages. On An(archy) and Schizoanalysis. and machines. Deleuze was born in Paris to conservative, middle-class parents, whosent him to public schools for his elementary education; except forone year of school in Normandy during the Occupation, he lived in thesame section of Paris his entire life. Translation of: Mille plateaux, v. 2 of Capitalisme et schizophrenic. You discover that your longings are universal longings, that you're not lonely and isolated from anyone. the way a psychiatrist will check one up as one goes to him/her. [37] Through it, Deleuze and Guattari argue, parents transmit their angst and irrational fears to their child and bind the child's sexual desires to feelings of shame and guilt. connections and productions. is written by the postmodern critics named Deleuze and Positioned as the introduction to the second volume of Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Rhizome principally constructs a model (a new map) for apprehending the constitution and reception of a book. Summary: Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia By Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari writen by: Aiman Aslam, summarizing fredrick jameson’s “The culture logic of late capitalism” written by: SAYYEDA FARIHATULAEN RIZVI, Summary of The sublime object of ideology By Abida younas, Consumer society: Myths and Structures by Jean Baudrillard written by Saima Yasin, Summary of Dialectics of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments by Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno written by: Sonia Farooq, The Field of Cultural Production by Jabeen Hassan, Review of Feed by M. T. Anderson written by Abida Younas, Cosmopolis by Don DeLillo written by Abida younas. It was not by means of a metaphor, even a paternal metaphor, that Hitler was able to sexually arouse the fascists. By using this powerful mechanism, the dominant class, "making cuts (coupures) and segregations pass over into a social field", can ultimately control individuals or groups, ensuring general submission. First for all, we can The first volume, Anti-Oedipus, … Capitalism and Schizophrenia. However, they oppose a non-clinical concept of "schizophrenia" as deterritorialization to the clinical end-result "schizophrenic" (i.e. Very useful. Foucault argued that putting the principles espoused in Anti-Oedipus into practice involves freeing political action from "unitary and totalizing paranoia" and withdrawing allegiance "from the old categories of the Negative (law, limit, castration, lack, lacuna), which western thought has so long held sacred as a form of power and an access to reality. critique of Freud’s Oedipus complex, the third is a rewriting of Marx’s Trans. "[16] On this basis, Deleuze and Guattari develop their notion of desiring-production. Desire is not limited to the affections of a subject, nor the material state of the subject. to recapture pre-linguistic experiences, unconscious investments of sounds Suggests an open system of psychological exploration to cut … Michael 4 Reviews. desire. Furthermore, they argue that schizophrenia is an extreme mental state co-existent with the capitalist system itself[21] and capitalism keeps enforcing neurosis as a way of maintaining normality. A Thousand Plateaus continues the work Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari began in Anti-Oedipus and has now become established as one of the classic studies of the development of critical theory in the late … Deleuze and Guattari posit that dramatic reterritorialization often follows relative deterritorialization, while absolute deterritorialization is just that... absolute deterritorialization without any reterritorialization. It seeks liberated from fixed identities, and free to become dispersed and multiple. the family structure is one place where individual desires are controlled or ‘. "[8], Unconscious libidinal investments of desire coexist without necessarily coinciding with preconscious investments made according to the needs or ideological interests of the subject (individual or collective) who desires. him, the time period of 1945 to 1965 witnessed great reliance of the people on Guattari theorize desire as a dynamic machine which constantly produces new During the course of their argument, Deleuze and Guattari borrow a number of concepts from different scientific fields. This dominant conception, Deleuze and Guattari argue, is a form of philosophical idealism. the political economy (flows of interest and capital). These dogmas or Bela Grunberger and Janine Chasseguet-Smirgel were two psychoanalysts from the Paris section of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Desiring Social libidinal investments are distinguished according to two poles: a paranoiac, reactionary, fascisizing pole and a schizoid revolutionary pole. Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (French: Capitalisme et schizophrénie. To describe the process of desire, they draw on fluid dynamics, the branch of physics that studies how a fluid flows through space. historical materialism in the language of materialist psychiatry. to release the libidinal flow and to create ‘new’ desiring subjects. To Wikipedia summary of Anti-Oedipus Background: ... /reterritorialization and decoding/recoding is happening at the same time—thus the schizophrenic nature of capitalism. itself revolutionary and radically subversive. This page was last edited on 9 February 2021, at 17:00. The Desiring Machines, Psychoanalysis and Familialism; The Holy Family, "[43] The philosopher Douglas Kellner described Anti-Oedipus as its era's publishing sensation, and, along with Jean-François Lyotard's Libidinal Economy (1974), a key text in "the micropolitics of desire. It would be ideal to read this book alongside Brian Massumi's A User's Guide to Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Deviations from Deleuze and Guattari, which does not purport to be an introduction but … the outward appearance of a person shows the nature of inner spiritual contents. André Stéphane [Bela Grunberger and Janine Chasselet-Smirguel], L’Univers Contestationnaire (Paris: Payot, 1969). the deadly neurotic and Oedipal yoke. Non-familial libidinal investments of the social field are primary in relation to familial investments. 1987 • Authors: Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari Translated by Brian Massumi Foreword by Brian Massumi A positive exercise in the affirmative, “nomad” thought called for … Marxism, Freudianism, and then Fascism. It has been credited with having devastated the French Lacanian movement due to its unorthodox criticism of psychoanalysis that includes ideas opposed to Lacan's. to the processes of psychoanalysis, which neuroticises the subject, it‘re-eroticizes’ Deleuze and Guattari are among those who resisted. Abou-Rihan, Fadi. [46], Some of Guattari's diary entries, correspondence with Deleuze, and notes on the development of the book were published posthumously as The Anti-Oedipus Papers (2004). against totalizing theories that bind. They start from the basis that desire is If schizophrenia is the disease at the edges of capitalism, as per Deleuze and Guattari, then bipolar disorder is the disease of the interior. It is the first volume of Capitalism and Schizophrenia, the second being A Thousand Plateaus (1980). Although (like most Deleuzo-Guattarian terms) deterritorialization has a purposeful variance in meaning throughout their oeuvre, it can be roughly described as a move away from a rigidly imposed hierarchical, arborescent context, which seeks to package things (concepts, objects, etc.) to Freud, and most recently Lacan, desire is thought to be something that is [18] Since desire produces reality, social production, with its forces and relations, is "purely and simply desiring-production itself under determinate conditions. According to Deleuze and Guattari (1972, 93, 115, 322–333, 354, 400). London/New York: Continuum. Bodies without organs cannot be forced or willed into existence, however, and they are essentially the product of a zero-intensity condition that Deleuze and Guattari link to catatonic schizophrenia that also becomes "the model of death". Deleuze and Guattari have developed their notion of Essais de Schizoanalyse, Pratique de l'institutionnel et politique, A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity, Outline of the psychiatric survivors movement, American Association for the Abolition of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization, World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry, The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradise, We've Had a Hundred Years of Psychotherapy – And the World's Getting Worse, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Oedipus&oldid=1005831471, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2009, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. You belong.” "[50], 1972 book by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, Fascism, the family, and the desire for oppression, The family under capitalism as an agent of repression, Capitalism and the political economy of desire, Territorialisation, deterritorialisation, and reterritorialisation, Deleuze and Guattari (1972, 8, 51, 392). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. A companion volume to Anti-Oedipus: capitalism and schizophrenia… For He also argued that Deleuze and Guattari's work produces difficulties for the interpretation of contemporary culture, because of their "rejection of institutionality as such", which obscures the difference between liberal democracy and fascism and leaves Deleuze and Guattari with "little more than a romantic, idealized fantasy of the 'schizoid hero'". Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia J. Guamanga Herná... Psychoanalysisis anathema for Deleuze and Guattari.Rather than liberating a person, it neuroticizes, constricts, inhibits, and represses … "Deleuze and Guattari: A Psychoanalytic Itinerary." [38] A capitalist society needs a powerful tool to counteract the explosive force of desire, which has the potential to threaten its structures of exploitation, servitude, and hierarchy; the nuclear family is precisely the powerful tool able to counteract those forces. … the body by freeing it for libidinal pursuits. [page needed] Instead of conceiving the "family" as a sphere contained by a larger "social" sphere, and giving a logical preeminence to the family triangle, Deleuze and Guattari argue that the family should be opened onto the social, as in Bergson's conception of the Open, and that underneath the pseudo-opposition between family (composed of personal subjects) and social, lies the relationship between pre-individual desire and social production. In a nutshell, one can view Deleuze and Guattari engaged with Capitalism and Schizophrenia Contemporary Visual Culture and the Acceleration of Identity Formation/Dissolution Jonah Peretti: This article demonstrates the psychological link between one … Foucault, Michel. Perceiving the libido as a still fluid and as a Introduction. Oedipus is one of those things that becomes all the more dangerous the less people believe in it; then the cops are there to replace the high priests. Guattari have actually protested against is the wrong desire ingrained among flow. 1999. 176, January-February 2016, p. 18 Aaron Schuster Capitalism and schizophrenia… machines are ruled by binary set of laws—one machine coupled with another for production in one way or the other. postmodern self organized around concepts of plural and multiple identities and Since the production of reality and society Summary. It is seen as a key text in the micropolitics of desire, alongside Lyotard's Libidinal Economy (1974). "[42] The critic Frederick Crews wrote that when Deleuze and Guattari "indicted Lacanian psychoanalysis as a capitalist disorder" and "pilloried analysts as the most sinister priest-manipulators of a psychotic society", their "demonstration was widely regarded as unanswerable" and "devastated the already shrinking Lacanian camp in Paris. reductive psychoanalytic and political analyses that remain caught within the [2] They also draw on creative writers and artists whose works demonstrate schizophrenia, such as Antonin Artaud, Samuel Beckett, Georg Büchner, Samuel Butler, D. H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, Marcel Proust, Arthur Rimbaud, Daniel Paul Schreber, Adolf Wölfli, Vaslav Nijinsky, Gérard de Nerval and J. M. W. It’s just [15] Deleuze and Guattari argue that desire is a positive process of production that produces reality. The first part of the book is an … p. cm. Capitalism and Schizophrenia, the TV Show In Frieze magazine no. "[45], Anthony Elliott described Anti-Oedipus as a "celebrated" work that "scandalized French psychoanalysis and generated heated dispute among intellectuals" and "offered a timely critique of psychoanalysis and Lacanianism at the time of its publication in France". The “Culture Logic Of Late Capitalism” is a book by Fredric Jameson which got published in 1984. "[19] When they insist that a social field may be invested by desire directly, they oppose Freud's concept of sublimation, which posits an inherent dualism between desiring-machines and social production. Deleuze and [17] In this model, desire does not "lack" its object; instead, desire "is a machine, and the object of desire is another machine connected to it. "[44] The psychoanalyst Joel Kovel wrote that Deleuze and Guattari provided a definitive challenge to the mystique of the family, but that they did so in the spirit of nihilism, commenting, "Immersion in their world of 'schizoculture' and desiring machines is enough to make a person yearn for the secure madness of the nuclear family. [24][25] Jacques Lacan regarded Grunberger and Chasseguet-Smirgel's book with great disdain; while they were still disguised under the pseudonym, Lacan remarked that he was certain that neither author belonged to his school, as none would abase themselves to such low drivel. sphere of totality and unity, in order to free the multiplicity of desire from Deleuze and Guattari (1972, 114, 322). Like Jean … without organs • Capitalism, and schizophrenia as its limit (the counter acted tendency) • Neurosis, psychosis, and perversion • 5. [39], The action of the family not only performs a psychological repression of desire, but it disfigures it, giving rise to a consequent neurotic desire, the perversion of incestuous drives and desiring self-repression. Rather, the point is to show that there is a viable level of Dinoysian [sic] experience. fourth section is about Deleuze and Guattari’s new analytic endeavor, More concretely, the schizoanalytic practice is “…(1). Less bread!"? “A concept is a brick. Deleuze and Guattari argue that there was no specific "turning point" in the theoretical development of. 2004. The seemingly natural attachment of the economy of our libido (flows of desire) to and Guattari trace history using through the discussion of territorialization He starts off with They describe society in terms of forces acting in a vector field. Or it can be thrown through the … part further comprising of certain sections, each section dealing with a ― Fernando Pessoa, The Book of Disquiet Guattari. In Deleuze and Guattari (1972, xvii–xxvi. in their sequel to, International Psychoanalytical Association, "Reading Notes on Deleuze and Guattari, Capitalism and Schizophrenia", The Intellectuals and Power: A Discussion Between Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault, Périclès et Verdi: La philosophie de Francois Châtelet, L'inconscient machinique. They have tried to probe into and deconstruct the It proposes a functional evaluation of the direct investments of desire—whether revolutionary or reactionary—in a field that is social, biological, historical, and geographical. Savages, Barbarians and Civilized Men, and Introduction to Schizoanalysis), each "[41], The psychiatrist David Cooper described Anti-Oedipus as "a magnificent vision of madness as a revolutionary force", crediting its authors with using "the psychoanalytic language and the discourse of Saussure (and his successors)" to pit "linguistics against itself in what is already proving to be an historic act of depassment. [page needed] Criticizing psychoanalysis "familialism", they want to show that the oedipal model of the family is a kind of organization that must colonize its members, repress their desires, and give them complexes if it is to function as an organizing principle of society. Gilles Deleuze. — and no society can tolerate a position of real desire without its structures of exploitation, servitude, and hierarchy being compromised. It is not by means of a metaphor that a banking or stock-market transaction, a claim, a coupon, a credit, is able to arouse people who are not necessarily bankers. , DeLillo’s Cosmopolis deals with rampant consumerism, power, money and depressing effect of technology on postmodern world. The painting forms the, Deleuze and Guattari (1972, 54, 108, 127–128, 325-xx). "[28] That is, how is it possible that people cry for "More taxes! People are sick, sick of their own. A companion volume to Anti-Oedipus: capitalism and schizophrenia… Importantly, the concept implies a continuum, not a simple binary – every actual assemblage (a flexible term alluding to the heterogeneous composition of any complex system, individual, social, geological) is marked by simultaneous movements of territorialization (maintenance) and of deterritorialization (dissipation). Perez, Rolando. [14] Alternative conceptions, which treat desire as a positive, productive force, have received far less attention; the ideas of the small number of philosophers who have developed them, however, are of crucial importance to Deleuze and Guattari's project: principally Nietzsche's will to power and Spinoza's conatus. They argue that the nuclear family is the most powerful agent of psychological repression, under which the desires of the child and the adolescent are repressed and perverted. Experientially, the effects of such substances can include a loosening (relative deterritorialization) of the worldview of the user (i.e. and deterritorialization. Summary: Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia By Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari writen by: Aiman Aslam. infer an institutional appropriation, taming and neutralizing of desire. 1990. the ego and the superego in the favor of a dynamic unconscious. [26] The IPa analysts responded with an accusation against the Lacan school of "intellectual terrorism. At the discussion of desire approach is diagnostic which will gradually lead to healing as it cures people Other thinkers Deleuze and Guattari draw on and criticize in Anti-Oedipus include Baruch Spinoza, Immanuel Kant, Charles Fourier, Charles Sanders Peirce, Carl Jung, Melanie Klein, Karl Jaspers, Lewis Mumford, Karl August Wittfogel, Wilhelm Reich, Georges Bataille, Louis Hjelmslev, Jacques Lacan, Gregory Bateson, Pierre Klossowski, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Jacques Monod, Louis Althusser, Victor Turner, Jean Oury, Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Frantz Fanon, R. D. Laing, David Cooper, and Pierre Clastres. features that are discussed by the writers throughout the book. [4] It proposes a functional evaluation of the direct investments of desire—whether revolutionary or reactionary—in a field that is social, biological, historical, and geographical. attempts a decentered and fragmented analysis of the unconscious, aiming But it is explosive; there is no desiring-machine capable of being assembled without demolishing entire social sectors. [10], Schizoanalysis seeks to show how "in the subject who desires, desire can be made to desire its own repression—whence the role of the death instinct in the circuit connecting desire to the social sphere. Deleuze, along with close friend and colleague Feliz Guattari, wrote a two-volume work on anti-psychoanalytic social philosophy called Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Aaron Schuster. 1977. Foucault added that Anti-Oedipus is "a book of ethics, the first book of ethics to be written in France in quite a long time", and suggested that this explains its popular success. There subject and the substitution of a postmodern subject which is decentred, Rent or buy Anti-Oedipus : Capitalism and Schizophrenia - 9780143105824 against the narrow doctrines presented by these theories and their propounders. They also relate processes of their "body without organs" to the embryology of an egg, from which they borrow the concept of an inductor. For instance, man and nature are not FREDRIC JAMESON, in his magisterial work, Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991), has offered us a particularly influential analysis of our current postmodern condition. [9], A form of social production and reproduction, along with its economic and financial mechanisms, its political formations, and so on, can be desired as such, in whole or in part, independently of the interests of the desiring-subject. Anti-Oedipus Capitalism and Schizophrenia (Book) : Deleuze, Gilles : The authors set forth a theory that "Western society's innate herd instinct has allowed the government, the media, and even the principles … account of Deleuze and Guattari’s materialist psychiatry, the second is a In his view, even if "subjectivity may be usefully decentred and deconstructed", it is wrong to assume that "desire is naturally rebellious and subversive." [5] Deleuze and Guattari develop four theses of schizoanalysis: In contrast to the psychoanalytic conception, schizoanalysis assumes that the libido does not need to be de-sexualised, sublimated, or to go by way of metamorphoses in order to invest economic or political factors. conceives of desire as something that has a negative aspect. [1] They outline a "materialist psychiatry" modeled on the unconscious in its relationship with its productive processes, built on the concept of desiring-production (which interrelates "desiring-machines" and "bodies without organs"), offer a critique of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis that especially focuses on the Oedipus complex, and repurpose Karl Marx's materialist account of the history of society's modes of production as a development through "primitive, despotic and capitalist" societies that has increased social conditions that can be likened to schizophrenia. ― F. Scott Fitzgerald. In sharp dogmas that make their approach postmodern in the first place. delimited structures: ‘, The book gives a historical analysis of the ways in which desire. Similarly, everything around us and inside us is Anderson tells a tale of Corporate America and present day society. And what about the effects of money that grows, money that produces more money? Deleuze and Guattari qualify this distinction between unconscious desire and preconscious need or interest when they write: "It is doubtless true that interests predispose us to a given libidinal investment"; however, they go on to insist once again that the interests "are not identical with this investment" (1972, 379). his/her beliefs, models, etc. "[11] Desire produces "even the most repressive and the most deadly forms of social reproduction. Deleuze and Guattari address a fundamental problem of political philosophy: the contradictory phenomenon whereby an individual or a group comes to desire their own oppression. Despite what some revolutionaries think about this, desire is revolutionary in its essence — desire, not left-wing holidays!
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