To learn more about the issues in 1866 and how Nast used symbolism to capture them, click through the document above. A "carpetbagger" was a term used in the Reconstruction era (when this cartoon was composed) to describe a Northerner who moved to the destroyed South for political or … The National Game. She is also the author of The Last Voyageurs: Retracing La Salle's Journey Across America. Directions: Over the next few days, you will be asked to examine a variety of political cartoons by Thomas Nast and modern political cartoonist Gunduz Agayev . 18, no. Three “Outs” and One “Run” (1860) In order to understand the cartoon, students should know: The rules/positions of Baseball. Students will be given extra credit if they find political cartoons taking a different viewpoint from Nast. “What was at stake was the kind of nation the U.S. was going to be,” says historian Michael Les Benedict. 17th Annual Photo Contest Finalists Announced. A republic dedicated to freedom and equality? Or a racist republic, one in which African-Americans had a place subservient to whites?”. The Political Cartoon That Explains the Battle Over Reconstruction ... Reconstruction survived until 1877, when President Hayes withdrew the last federal troops from the South. Nast’s vivid illustration that formed the basis for this print –with one essential difference– originally appeared in Harper’s Weekly on January 24, 1863. This political cartoon reflects this viewpoint, showing Lincoln and Johnson happily stitching the Union back together with little anger towards the South. … These visual aids help in understanding the differing opinions before, during, and after the Civil War, as well as provide a … An artist who writes and draws such images is known as an editorial cartoonist. While very little fighting occurred on Iowa soil and … Why Not Take this Also? Following the Civil War, from 1865-1877, the United States government established a set of pro- grams and new legislation in an attempt to reorganize RECONSTRUCTION IN POLITICAL CARTOONS: VARIED EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS 1 Designed by EmmaLee Kuhlmann. Left to manage their own affairs, many of the former Confederate states passed Black Codes that stripped African-Americans of almost all rights and essentially returned them to a forced labor system. In every state, African Americans formed the overwhelming majority of Southern Republican voters. In this lesson, students will analyze two cartoons, drawn by Thomas Nast, to chart the evolution of Northern attitudes toward freedmen during Reconstruction. Many of the political and legal advances made by African Americans during the Reconstruction period were undermined by laws passed by individual states and the Supreme Court. ‘Aspartame Causes Cancer' Was a Classic Internet Hoax, A Potato Battery Can Light Up a Room For Over a Month. In an attempt to prevent a Republican supermajority, the president attacked the Republicans’ Reconstruction plan as overly costly, and disadvantaging white Americans by giving African-Americans more rights. "The Times Are Ripening for a Lasting Peace." Birth of Caricature . Analyzing Points of View in Gas Price Editorial Cartoons from the 1970s and 2000s. “The war was not concluded, it simply assumed a new stage.”. The artist came to the United States from Germany when he was 6. Following Lincoln’s death, vice president Andrew Johnson ascended to the presidency in the spring of 1865. “Colored Rule in the Reconstructed (?) Political Cartoon Analysis- Reconstruction NOTE: In question 8, the paragraph response requires a topic sentence, elaborated & detailed supporting sentences, & concluding sentence. What kind of republic was going to emerge? Hip-Hop Produced the Funkiest Flavor, Inside Naples' World-Famous Pizza Culture, Meet Joseph Rainey, the First Black Congressman, The State of American Craft Has Never Been Stronger. Key Terms Reconstruction Amendments : The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War. Ultimately the legislators grew frustrated enough to vote to impeach him, making him the first U.S. president to be impeached—though he did serve out the rest of his term. Food? Hey, man...like I don't care what it's costing...I need it. In March 1867, it had been nearly two years since the end of the Civil War—but the bloodshed was far from over. Just look at this cartoon by the renowned illustrator Thomas Nast from September 1866. 230 Annie and John Glenn Avenue Who Won the Race to the North Pole: Cook or Peary? Father, I Cannot Tell a Lie. Specifically, the lesson deals with cartoons from the Civil War and Reconstruction eras. This lesson concentrates on works by Thomas Nast . The term came about in the years following the Civil War, when northerners flocked to the defeated South to do business and were bitterly portrayed as unscrupulous outsiders engaged in political corruption and unethical business practices. Those Are the Flags of Various Gangster Mobs and Millionaires. Political Cartoons The Civil War Thomas Nast. Johnson continued to work against Congress, encouraging southern states to reject the 14th Amendment. To the American Soldier the Middle of the Road is Closed. Vocabulary: (including people students might not know) John Breckenridge: Vice President from 1857-1861 and then … “Johnson argues that Republicans in Congress are planning to use tax dollars to give advantages to African-Americans that whites don’t have, by keeping the military in the south after the Civil War. “We had been a slave republic. This lesson explores his views and how he persuaded others toward those views. Thomas Nast, “Reconstruction and How It Works,” Harper’s Weekly, 1866, via HarpWeek. Can You Spread Covid-19 After Getting Vaccinated? During this tumultuous time, the U.S. government attempted to deal with the reintegration of the 11 Southern states that had seceded from the … In his political cartoons, he repeatedly framed Johnson as a danger to the country and to African-Americans, despite Johnson arguing to the contrary. Republicans began arguing that they needed a military presence in the South to protect the newly made citizens. or Its main focus was on bringing the southern states back into full political participation in the Union, guaranteeing rights to former slaves and defining new relationships between African Americans and whites. This cartoon shows the vice president Andrew Johnson sitting on the globe stitching the union together, a careful way to fix it, while Abraham Lincoln, president, is either trying to balance the globe as Johnson is stitching or trying to balance the globe on the pedestal, a fast way to mend the Union. The term "carpetbagger" is routinely applied to political candidates who run for office in a region where they are recent arrivals. Terms of Use Republicans won a supermajority, and with their numbers were able to pass the Military Reconstruction Act. Tune in Next Decade for the Exciting Conclusion. Then came massacres in Memphis and New Orleans in the summer of 1866, resulting in the deaths of dozens of African-Americans. Immigration in U.S. History: Through the Eye of Editorial Cartoons, Best New Devices Ever Seemed Impractical at First, There Were Unbelievers Then—There are Unbelievers Now, Defining Impeachable Offense and Executive Privilege. Jul 27, 2012 - Explore Tony Zupancic's board "Reconstruction" on Pinterest. Advertising Notice Radical Reconstruction, period of U.S. history during which the Radical Republicans in Congress seized control of Reconstruction from President Andrew Johnson and passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867–68, which sent federal troops to the South to oversee the establishment of more-democratic state governments. By definition a political cartoon is one person’s perspective. Smithsonian Institution. Thomas Nast, The Union as it was the Lost Cause, Worse than Slavery (Harper's Weekly vol. Now Shut Up. The U.S. Constitution. A quick review of the definitions of what is subtle and what is obvious. The Political Death of the Bogus Caesar March 13, 1869, page 164 (illustrator, Thomas Nast) A. J. returns to his first love March 6, 1869, page 160 : Farewell, A Long Farewell March 13, 1869, page 176 (illustrator, Thomas Nast) Preparing to go out March 13, 1869, page 171 : Home At Last April 24, 1869, page 267 : Poor Andy The Republican majority tried to pass both a Civil Rights bill and an extension of the Freedman’s Bureau, both of which were aimed at giving African-Americans the rights to property, contracts and legal access that white male Americans took for granted. 2. society and re-integrate the disillusioned and defeated southern states into the Union. “They’re worried about not fully solving the slavery problem and letting it fester, and that might cause instability and even civil war again in the future,” Benedict says. Iraq's Cultural Museum in Mosul Is on the Road to Recovery, Scientists Played Music to Cheese as It Aged. Massacres of African-Americans in southern states had continued unabated, and the federal government was locked in its own bloodless battles over how to repair a country split in two. Students will collaboratively analyze and compare editorial cartoons focusing on the Civil War and Reconstruction by Thomas Nast. We Germans don't eat food! Did Byrd Fly over the North Pole in 1926? This print mocks Reconstruction by making several allusions to Shakespeare. Publication: Harper's Weekly Publication Date: August 15, 1868. The political cartoon has existed for centuries, and, despite many changes over the years and many different targets deserving of criticism, have at once entertained and motivated people of every country and every creed. I Did It With My Fourteen Swats. She has previously written for The Atlantic, Salon, Nautilus and others. Creator: Thomas Nast. This is a political cartoon during 1865, Reconstruction era, created by Joseph Baker. Vote Now! | Andrew Johnson holds a leaking kettle, labeled "The Reconstructed South", towards a woman representing liberty and Columbia, carrying a baby representing the newly approved 14th Constitutional Amendment. Keep up-to-date on: © 2021 Smithsonian Magazine. Leading up to the 1866 legislative elections, Nast harnessed the broad readership of Harper’s Weekly to skewer Johnson’s policies and convince voters to elect Republicans. OH A number of Reconstruction Acts continued to be passed, forcing the southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment (which provided citizenship rights and equal protection by law to African-Americans). Get the best of Smithsonian magazine by email. Republican legislators were appalled when they returned to Congress in December 1865, and immediately tousled with Johnson for the future of the country. Students will focus on details within Thomas Nast’s editorial cartoons. 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Medium: 421 prints : wood engraving ; sheets 42 x 58.5 cm or smaller, vertical and horizontal orientation. Text from "Reconstruction and How It Works," Thomas Nast Illustration: Left Side: Iago. When looking at good examples for classroom use, the best online resource I have come across is Princeton University’s digital collection of Thomas Nast cartoons . The Reconstruction era was a period of healing and rebuilding in the Southern United States following the American Civil War (1861-1865) that played a critical role in the history of civil rights and racial equality in America. Who Won the Race to the North Pole: Cook or Peary? C arpetbagger and scalawag are derisive epithets which southern Democrats, or Conservatives, applied to white Republicans, or radicals, during Congressional or Radical Reconstruction. U.S.: I wonder if self-determination is meant only for Europe? With your partner, discuss the motives of carpetbaggers and scalawags, and how they were viewed in the South. Did Byrd Fly over the North Pole in 1926? The most relatable content for middle and high school students when it comes to Reconstruction are the many hundreds of political cartoons that were created at the time. The Civil Rights Movement: Cartoons as a Means of Protest, Bryan is the Ablest Worker for Sound Money, The Equal Rights Amendment: Viewing Women’s Issues Through Political Cartoons, The Great Depression: The Role of Political Parties, But the Old Tree Was a Mighty Good Producer. He played on the racism that even northerners held. You will first look at one of the most famous cartoons from the period called “Worse than Slavery” from Harper’s Weekly drawn by the most famous political cartoonist in U.S. history, Thomas Nast. Divide class into 3 groups, one for campaigns, one for Civil War, and one for Reconstruction. Reconstruction survived until 1877, when President Hayes withdrew the last federal troops from the South. See more ideas about political cartoons, american history, reconstruction. In the next two sections, you will examine a source that shows the negative side of Reconstruction. “The Man with the (Carpet) Bags,” cartoon by Thomas Nast depicting a common Southern attitude toward Northerners during Reconstruction, 1872. By definition a political cartoon is one person’s perspective. Description: In March of 1865, one month before the South would surrender and admit defeat in the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln surprised many people by the conciliatory tone of his Inaugural address. "Republican Principles vs. Democratic Principles", Department of History (Download full-sized image here.). The period of America’s history known as Reconstruc- tion was a tumultuous experience for everyone who ex- perienced it, even as they experienced it in different ways. Thomas Nast: “The Man with the (Carpet) Bags”. In the late fall of 1866 (dates varied from state to state), elections were held for the Senate and House of Representatives. The candidates for the Presidential Election of 1860. This lesson concentrates on works by Thomas Nast. Johnson offered general amnesty to all southerners who took an oath of future loyalty, demanded that high-ranking Confederate officials petition him personally, and required the southern states to ratify the 13th amendment, abolishing slavery. Grade 8 History 9, 10a & 11, People and Societies 2, Geography 1, 2-class periods/ 50 minutes each, 1 block. Johnson and Reconstruction Cartoon, 1866. Through his work for Harper’s Weekly and other major publications, he offered some of “the most strident arguments objecting to violence against African-Americans,” says Brooks Simpson, professor of history at Arizona State University. The Reconstruction Era lasted from the end of the Civil War in 1865 to 1877. Can Bringing Back Mammoths Help Stop Climate Change? Course: Civil War and Reconstruction, Juniata College. This Lesson Plan explores political cartoons related to the Civil War, the Presidential Elections of 1860 and 1864, and Reconstruction. If you have a disability and experience difficulty accessing this site, please contact us for assistance via email at. Therefore it is a redistribution of wealth from hardworking white people to lazy African-Americans,” Richardson says. “He pardons all but about 1,500 of the leading Confederates,” Richardson says. A political cartoon, a type of editorial cartoon, is a graphic with caricatures of public figures, expressing the artist's opinion. “Those people who took the South out of the Union are now free and fair citizens again of the United States, less than a year after the end of the war.” The move infuriated northern Republicans, who rallied behind the message depicted in Nast’s cartoon, which Richardson describes as, “don’t put Johnson’s people in office because he’s going to give us back the world we had before the Civil War.”. Columbus, The Granger Collection, New York. 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With Congress out of session, Johnson began implementing a version of Reconstruction consistent with his political ideologies as a Democrat from Tennessee, but counter to those of Lincoln and the Republicans. Each group will complete one worksheet for presentation purposes for the post-assessment. The Moor is of a free and open nature, That thinks men honest that but seem to be so; And will as tenderly be led by the nose, As asses… Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward me, For making him egregiously an ass, 1 print : wood engraving. Privacy Statement You May Force Us to Do Something About This! Following the Civil War, from 1865-1877, the United States government established a set of pro- grams and new legislation in an attempt to reorganize. Caricature as an art form is a fairly new thing. Students will identify the cartoonist’s intentions and evaluate the effectiveness of each cartoon's message. The platforms and political parties of the candidates. 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Lincoln’s Presidential Reconstruction plans were seen by many, including Radical Republicans in Congress, to be too tolerant towards what they considered to be traitors. Battle of Trenton: True Turning Point or Popular Myth? Editorial Cartoons 1-7 with published information and corresponding transparencies (for teacher), Editorial Cartoons 1-7 without published information for each student. Image: Political cartoon titled "The Union as It Was" made by Thomas Nast in 1874. Carpetbagger referred to Republicans who had recently migrated from the North; scalawag referred to southern-born radicals. 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Summary: Prints show Civil War thru post-Reconstruction era illustrations and political cartoons. But on March 2, 1867, Congress passed what historian Heather Richardson calls “one of the most important pieces of legislation in history”: the Military Reconstruction Act. Hand out Thomas Nast Reconstruction Worksheet to students.
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